August 18, 2010

Blagojevich Trial Ends: Illinois Jury Finds The Ex-Governor Guilty of Only 1 of 24 Counts

Yesterday former Illinois governor Rob Blagojevich was found guilty of lying to FBI agents about his involvement in campaign fundraising. The jury could not agree on the remaining 23 felony counts brought against Blagojevich by the government, including charges of trying to profit from Obama's former Senate seat.

IL%20State%20Seal%203.gifProsecutors intend on retrying Blagojevich on those 23 additional counts on which the deadlocked jury was unable to agree. Because the jury was unable to unanimously agree on those counts there was a mistrial regarding those counts. Legally this means that the former governor can be retried on them and still be found guilty. However, if the jury had found him not guilty on any counts, which it did not, then those felony charges would be barred from further prosecution.

The current conviction carries a maximum of five years in prison; however, the official sentencing is unlikely to occur before the retrial. If Blagojevich ends up being convicted of all the felony counts against him then he faces up to 415 years in prison and up to $6 million in fines.

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July 19, 2010

Illinois Nursing Home Arbitration Clause Subject of Recent Illinois Appellate Court Decision

An Illinois nursing home abuse lawsuit was recently the subject of a review by the Illinois Appellate Court; Peterson v. Residential Alternatives of Illinois, Inc., No. 3-09-0743. The court reviewed whether the Illinois nursing home had the right to demand the decedent's estate arbitrate its two-count complaint claiming a wrongful death count and a survival action count under the Illinois Nursing Home Care Act.

Contract%201.jpgThe trial court upheld the defendant's right to arbitrate and denied plaintiff's request for a jury trial. This arbitration clause issue was recently ruled on by the Illinois Supreme Court in Carter v. SSC Odin Operating Co., LLC, No. 106511 (4/15/10), where the Court upheld the nursing home's right to arbitrate in Illinois nursing home abuse cases.

The main issue in both Peterson and Carter revolves around the signed arbitration agreement. However, while in Carter the arbitration language was included in the nursing home care contract, in Peterson the arbitration agreement was a separate document. It seems that this seemingly small difference has in fact resulted in a very different legal outcome in Peterson.

The Appellate Court held that even though the two documents were signed on the same date that there was no evidence that they should be taken as one unified document. The language used in the arbitration agreement was very vague and never specifically referred to the nursing home care contract, nor did the nursing home care contract ever refer to the arbitration agreement. Specifically, the arbitration agreement stated, "Notwithstanding the parties intent to submit any controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this agreement or any other document signed or initialed in connection with this agreement to arbitration."

While the court noted that prior case law has supported the connection between two separate documents signed at the same time, the law requires that "an enforceable contract must be premised on language that is definite and certain as to all essential terms." Academy Chicago Publishers v. Cheever, 144 Ill. 2d1224, 30 (1991). The court found that the language included in the arbitration agreement did not satisfy this requirement.

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July 8, 2010

Illinois Appellate Court Dismisses Liability of Directors and Corporate Officers in Investment Fraud Case

An Illinois lawsuit alleging fraud filed by three of a corporation's directors and officers against its remaining directors and officers. Zahl v. Krupa, et al., No. 2-08-0844 (April 13, 2010), had previously been reviewed by the Illinois Appellate Court after plaintiffs' three counts of fraud and breach-of-contract were dismissed, at which point it was reversed and remanded back to the lower court. The case came before the Appellate Court a second time, this time regarding the dismissal of all but one of the corporation's directors and officers.

Money%20Dollars%202.jpgThe majority of the corporation's directors and officers alleged that they should be dismissed from the case because they had no knowledge of the fraud committed by Krupa, an officer of the corporation. The main issue in the plaintiffs' complaint was that Krupa had conned plaintiffs into giving him their money for a special "investment fund" he alleged was limited to the corporation's officers and directors. The issue before the Appellate Court was whether the remaining officers and directors are liable for Krupa's actions.

The Appellate Court referred to Murphy v. Walters, 87 Ill.App.3d 415 (1980) when considering the remaining officers and directors' liability.

As a general rule, a corporation’s officer or director is not liable for the fraud of other officers or agents merely because of its official character, but he is individually liable for fraudulent acts of his own or in which he participates. . . He is liable only if he with knowledge, or recklessly without it, participates or assists in the fraud.

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July 6, 2010

Illinois Rear-End Car Crash Lawsuit Will Be Retried on Damages - Anderson v. Zamir

In the Illinois personal injury case of Anderson v. Zamir, No. 5-08-0542, the plaintiff filed a motion for a new trial after the jury returned a verdict awarding only part of her medical bills. The plaintiff's medical bills as a result of the rear-end car crash totaled $28,804. However, the jury returned a verdict of only $12,500; only $5,000 of which was for her medical bills with the remaining $7,500 for pain and suffering.

RearEndCollision%201.jpgWhile typically an Appellate Court will not overturn a jury's monetary awards since this is "an issue of fact for the jury to determine". Typically a jury's verdict awards will only be overturned if a party shows that the jury obviously ignored an established element of damages, that the award does not relate to the loss suffered, or if the verdict was the result of prejudice.

The facts of the case were that the plaintiff was rear-ended by the defendant. She did not seek treatment for the car crash until the day after the accident, at which time she was complaining of headaches and neck pain. The plaintiff went on to receive several rounds of physical therapy, but with little relief. She eventually underwent surgery to repair a tear in her shoulder.

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June 25, 2010

Crosswalk Auto Accident Case Returns to Trial Court to Decide Pain and Suffering Damages: Kiggins v. Mather

A Cook County auto accident case will be retried on damages after an Illinois Appellate Court decision to grant plaintiff's motion in Kiggins v. Mather, No. 1-08-1753. At the original personal injury trial the plaintiff had received a verdict of $49,711 for medical expenses and lost earnings. However, the original verdict did not return any damages for disfigurement, loss of normal life, or pain and suffering.

Intersection%20A%201.jpgIn Illinois, the amount of damages awarded is typically left up to the jury's discretion. The jury is given judge-approved jury instructions so that the jury can make an informed decision regarding its verdict. Oftentimes if a party disagrees with the verdict their appeal focuses on the content of these jury instructions. For example, in Ready v. United/Goedecke Services, Inc., No. 108910, the Appellate Court considered issues regarding the sole proximate cause jury instruction.

However, in Kiggins, the issue was not the jury instructions, but the jury's decision itself. Kiggins argued that he should have been awarded damages for pain and suffering and disfigurement. The basis for this argument was that he had suffered more than a minor injury as a result of the auto accident and as such was entitled to additional non-economic damages.

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April 17, 2010

Chicago Bus Accident Settlement Ordered By Cook County Court Despite Plaintiff's Willingness To Accept Settlement

In Illinois personal injury lawsuits, the job of the court is to oversee the case and make sure it moves efficiently through the court system. In most cases, this involves setting deadlines for discovery, establishing a firm trial date, and ruling on motions. However, in some cases the court will order one or both of the parties to perform a specific action.

Bus%20Public%201.jpgIn a recent Illinois personal injury lawsuit, the court ordered the plaintiff's family to accept the defendant CTA's offer to settle for $11 million. The defendant had previously offered the plaintiff's family $10 million, which they had refused.

This Illinois personal injury case involved a 28 year-old factory worker who was a passenger in a car when it was struck by a Chicago bus. At the time of the accident the plaintiff had a one year-old son with his second child being born just one day after the Chicago bus accident. The severity of the injuries the Illinois resident sustained during the bus accident have left him with the mental capacity of a child.

The plaintiff required three months of hospitalization due to a traumatic brain injury which has left him permanently disabled. Not only is he no longer to work and provide for his young family, but he requires constant care and supervision at home.

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March 26, 2010

Illinois Personal Injury Claim Reviewed By Appellate Court: Uphold Denial of Plaintiff’s Motion to Keep Out Two Prior Accidents

In Illinois, parties to a lawsuit can file motions in limine in an effort to keep certain information from being brought up at trial. The Illinois Appellate Court recently reviewed an Illinois personal injury case, Ford v. Grizzle, No. 5-08-0185, after the plaintiff claimed the defense received a favorable jury verdict due to the Circuit Court's denial of plaintiff's motion in limine.

Gavel%20Books.jpgThe plaintiff's motion in limine sought to prevent evidence being introduced related to plaintiff's two prior traffic accidents and injuries. However, the defense contended that this information was relevant because there was extensive medical evidence demonstrating that the prior injuries were relevant to the plaintiff's current injuries.

The trial court denied plaintiff's motion in limine and the information was allowed at the Illinois personal injury trial. The jury returned a verdict in favor of the defense, which led to the plaintiff's appeal to the Illinois Appellate Court that the introduction of the evidence regrading the two prior injuries had prejudiced the jury.

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February 3, 2010

Illinois Medical Malpractice Jury Award Limits Struck Down By Illinois Supreme Court in Lebron v. Gottlieb Memorial Hospital

After almost three years of legal battles, the Illinois Supreme Court came to a decision on whether economic limits should be placed on Illinois medical malpractice lawsuits. In Lebron v. Gottlieb Memorial Hospital, the Illinois high court upheld a Cook County Circuit Court ruling that the Illinois law on medical malpractice non-economic damage caps violate the Illinois Constitution’s “separation of powers” clause.

LawScales%203.bmpThis decision essentially states that the Illinois legislators interfered with a jury's right to determine the amount of economic damages in Illinois medical malpractice lawsuits. The recent Lebron decision marks the third time that the Illinois Supreme Court struck down unconstitutional limits on medical malpractice awards, having done so with similar law in both 1976 and 1997.

The underlying lawsuit, Lebron v. Gottlieb Memorial Hospital, stems from a 2006 Illinois birth injury lawsuit filed by the family of a girl who suffered severe brain damage during her delivery at Gottlieb Memorial Hospital in Melrose Park, Illinois.

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January 4, 2010

Mandatory Arbitration Clause Defeated in Carideo v. Dell, Inc.

After a long and complicated battle, a major victory for class action and product defect lawsuits was noted in the case of Carideo v. Dell, Inc. In light of new events, the United States District Court Judge found that the computer company’s mandatory arbitration clause and class action ban was “unenforceable”.

Laptop%201.jpgCiting product liability claims, Carideo alleged that Dell manufactured and marketed laptops priced between $1,300 and $1,700 that were defectively designed and manufactured. Upon the filing of Carideo, Dell moved to compel arbitration based on its mandatory arbitration clause. Under this clause, the National Arbitration Forum (NAF) was assigned as the arbitrator and class actions were banned. Furthermore, Dell’s forum consumer contract also has a Texas choice of law provision. In June 2007, at Dell’s urging, Texas law was applied to Carideo, which resulted in arbitration being ordered by the court.

However, the following year another case involving similar facts, McKee v. AT&T, the Washington Supreme Court struck down AT&T’s class action ban and held that the phone company’s new choice of law provision was unenforceable. Shortly after the McKee decision, Minnesota's Attorney General sued NAF, which prompted the company to announce it would no longer be arbitrating consumer disputes. And because NAF was the mandatory arbitrator assigned to all of Dell's cases, Carideo's decision was reevaluated by the original judge.

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December 21, 2009

Illinois Truck Accident Insurance Coverage Clarified By Illinois Supreme Court

The final chapter of a long debate regarding whether the Illinois Vehicle Code's "omnibus coverage" applies to commercial truckers was recently decided upon by the Illinois Supreme Court. The Court's held in Zurich American Inc. Co. v. Key Cartage, Inc., No. 107472 (Oct 29, 2009) that Illinois commercial vehicles are covered under the Illinois Commercial Transportation Law, a statute governing commercial vehicles, and not the Illinois Vehicle Code. Therefore the omnibus coverage clause under the Illinois Vehicle Code does not apply to commercial vehicle insurance.

Jacknife%20truck%202.jpgThe Illinois Supreme Courts decision overturned the Illinois Appellate Court's previous decision in the Illinois trucking accident case which asserted that the Illinois Vehicle Code did in fact apply to commercial vehicles.

In Zurich, the issue at stake was whether Zurich, a company insuring a trucking company, or West Bend, an insurer covering the leased commercial vehicle, was responsible for providing coverage. The case facts were that Franklin Truck Group, insured by West Bend, had leased a vehicle to Rose Cartage Services, insured by Zurich. Rose Cartage loaned this vehicle out to an affiliated company, Key Cartage. One of Key Cartage's drivers was operating this truck when he was involved in an Illinois truck accident that left one dead.

Zurich's insurance policy had a reciprocal coverage provision that stated that they would only cover Rose Cartage employees and that they would not extend coverage to anyone using the truck with expressed or implied interest if that person did not also insure the vehicle's owner. In response, West Bend contended that this reciprocal coverage clause violated the Illinois Vehicle Code that requires insurance companies to provide "omnibus coverage", i.e. coverage to any driver that has the expressed or implied permission of the insured to use the vehicle.

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December 14, 2009

Kreisman Law Offices Thoughts On Mediation and Settlement Before Jury Trial

Whenever I take on a new Chicago or Illinois personal injury case, one of the first things I tell my clients is that we will need to prepare the case all the way through for a jury trial. The nature of Illinois personal injury cases and Illinois medical negligence demands that the plaintiff be mentally prepared to stick with their case right up until the verdict.

Gavel%20Alone%204.bmpBut as most Chicago lawyers know, most clients ask the question: "Will this case be settled before trial?" And while I still insist that my clients' focus be on obtaining a positive verdict, mediation is becoming more and more of a viable option. In fact, some Cook County courts and judges are ordering mediation for more serious injury cases.

Mediation is often looked to as a favorable alternative to trial because it is less expensive and less time consuming than working a case up all the way through a jury verdict. Mediation can be a positive option for most, but not all, cases.

Typically, at the beginning of the mediation process, both plaintiffs and defendants agree on a private, unbiased mediator whose role is to bring both parties to a just and reasonable settlement agreement. This neutral mediator is selected and agreed upon by both parties via a signed document.

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January 28, 2009

Illinois Supreme Court Clarifies Lawsuits Brought By Masquerading Lawyers

A lawsuit brought on behalf of an individual for Illinois medical malpractice was found to be a nullity because the supposed lawyer was unlicensed. The so-called nullity rule directly punished the unknowing client in this case.

LawScales%201.bmpIn Applebaum v. Rush University Medical Center, 2008 WL 4943860 (Nov. 20), the high court of Illinois explained that the nullity rule:

Should be invoked only where it fulfills its purposes of protecting both the public and the integrity of the court system from the actions of the unlicensed, and where no other alternative remedy is possible.

The high court clarified the application of the nullity rule in a case where the plaintiff personally filed a medical malpractice on behalf of his deceased father’s estate. At the time of filing the lawsuit, the plaintiff who was on inactive status with the Attorney Registration and Disciplinary Commission (ARDC).

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October 20, 2008

Medical Records Falsified In Birth Injury Case

In the many years that I have practiced medical malpractice in Cook County and Illinois, my clients have warned me that the pertinant medical records in their case had been falsified, changed, deleted or simply removed from the hospital and medical charts.

Medical%20Records%201.jpgIn Illinois, the “intentional destruction, mutilation, alteration or concealment of evidence” is called spoliation of evidence. If medical records were to be destroyed or altered, the Illinois Supreme Court can impose a sanction upon any party who unreasonably refuses to comply with any discovery rule or order entered pursuant to the Illinois Supreme Court Rules. The court has the power to stay the proceedings pending compliance; default the case, barring further pleading related to the issue; dismiss a claim or counterclaim related to that issue; exclude testimony related to the issue; to strike any relevant portion of the offending party’s pleadings and enter judgment on the issue; and to enter a default judgment or dismissal against the offending party.

In 1995, the Illinois Supreme Court recognized a separate cause of action for negligent spoliation of evidence. So if your medical records in a medical malpractice case were altered by the medical staff, then you could file a separate lawsuit regarding the altered evidence. And because adequate remedies for the destruction of evidence already exists under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 219, a new tort wasn't created. Instead, the Supreme Court held that an action for negligent spoliation could be brought under existing negligence law.

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September 23, 2008

Illinois Courts: Using The Internet To Access Services and Information

There is a lot of information on the Internet that allows us to research everything from restaurants to shoemakers. And Illinois law is no exception. A number of free websites allow both lawyers and Illinois citizens to readily access a wide variety of legal information.

Gavel%20Alone%201.bmpThe Illinois Supreme Court and Illinois Appellate Courts can be found at a site located at http://www.state.il.us/court. The website contains past opinions and rulings of the Illinois Supreme Court, along with links to legal research and guides for lawyers. But there are also useful tools for citizens wanting to find out more about nuances of the law. Some of these include a Juror Handbook, Illinois Child Support Information, and Becoming an Adult: Legal Rights & Responsibilities at Age 18.

The Illinois Supreme Court website also has a link to any of the Illinois Circuit Courts. Currently 15 of Illinois’ 23 Circuit Courts have websites, including Cook County, Lake County, Kane County, DuPage County, McHenry County and Kankakee County.

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August 8, 2008

Illinois Hip Replacement Product Defect Suit Survives After Statute of Limitations Runs: Re-Evaluation of When Discovered Injury

Chicago's 7th U.S. Court of Appeals reversed a federal district judge's ruling that barred the Illinois product liability claim of Lenore Aebischer. In 1997 at age 44, Lenore underwent a hip replacement. But the prosthetic hip manufactured by defendant Stryker Corp. allegedly failed due to structural defects, and Lenore required a second replacement surgery as a result of the Illinois medical device liability.

Hour%20Glass.jpgStryker Corp. moved to dismiss the complaint filed by Lenore because the 2-year statute of limitations had run when the case was filed in Chicago in 2005. In Illinois, typically the statute of limitations begins running from the date that the claimant should have known that there was a problem with the defective medical device. The Chicago district court found that in 2002 Lenore was aware that her hip problems were caused by a manufacturer's defect.

In 2001, Lenore saw her orthopedic surgeon for left hip pain and was told that her hip replacement might last 15-20 years. In 2002, the same doctor determined that her pain was caused by osteolysis and from particles of plastic that had broken loose from the prosthetic hip. In 2003, the surgeon performed a second hip replacement surgery to replace the failed original prosthesis. After the surgery, the surgeon told Lenore that the osteolysis was worse than he had originally thought and that the original hip device had "advanced or catastrophic failure".

Because of her surgeon's discoveries during her procedure in January, 2002, the Illinois federal district court said that the plaintiff was on "inquiry notice" that her injury might have been wrongfully caused based on the surgeon's explanation of the osteolysis and that particles of plastic from the prosthesis had gotten between that device and her hip bone.

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August 5, 2008

Chicago Courts Limit Admissibility of Pictures at Trial: How Does This Effect Your Case?

Part of being a Chicago trial lawyer is presenting your client's side of a story to a judge and jury. One way to do this is by submitting evidence during litigation, such as testimony, diagrams, and pictures. But what happens if a judge decides that you can't show some of your evidence? How do you make sure that your the jury understands your client's story?

Old%20Time%20Photos%202.jpgPhotographs can be a very persuasive way to drive a point home to the jury at trial. For example, if you want to demonstrate the horrific nature of a car crash then nothing gets this across better than photographs of the totalled car. Or if you're arguing that doctors at a local Chicago hospital dropped the ball and didn't prevent or treat your client's bed sores, then pictures of the exact size and nature of those sores will underscore how impossible they were to miss.

However, the argument against allowing such pictures is that they could sway the jury to the point that they ignore the facts before them and focus only on the visual story presented. It is up to the judge to ensure that both the plaintiff and defendant tell their story in a way that doesn't unduly prejudice the jury against the other side, see Dicosola v. Bowman (342 Ill App 3d 530). To do so a judge will typically only allow evidence that is relevant to the case and try to keep out unnecessary theatrics.

But aren't scene photographs and images of a car after a crash relevant to a case? Don't they allow the jury to get a better sense of what actually happened and place themselves in the scene? So why would such photos ever be barred from evidence for not being relevant?

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July 16, 2008

Product Liability Litigation Avoided by Cook County Car Dealership: Illinois Appellate Court Clarifies Product Defect Statute

1flag%20car%202.jpgDefendant Mancari's Chrysler Plymouth dealership in Cook County lucked out with an ideological “get out of trial free” card in a product liability case involving a car sold at his dealership. Murphy v. Mancari's Chrysler Plymouth, Inc. 2008 WL 927727.

The Illinois Appellate Court's clarification of section 2-261 of the Illinois Code of Civil Procedure makes it easier for non-manufacturers to be dismissed from strict product liability cases in Illinois. The relevant section states that

"A court shall not enter a dismissal order relative to any certifying defendant or defendants other than the manufacturer . . . where the plaintiff can show . . . That the defendant had actual knowledge of the defect in the product which caused the injury, death or damage". 735 ILCS 5/2-621(c)(2).

So if plaintiff could prove that the defendant knew about the product defect then the defendant could not be dismissed from case. However, Murphy takes this interpretation a step further to determine whether it is enough that defendant just knows about the alleged defect or whether they need to know that the defect makes the product unreasonably dangerous, too?

In Murphy, Plaintiff Joseph Murphy claimed that he was paralyzed in a rollover accident because his Sebring lacked a roll bar safety device. He alleged that Mancari’s Chrysler Plymouth sold him a Sebring that was unreasonably dangerous because it lacked a roll bar. Mancari confirmed that they knew that the vehicle did not have a roll bar, but still claimed that this did not make them directly responsible.

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June 20, 2008

Illinois Supreme Court Interprets Medical Malpractice Law

In a sharply divided decision, 4-3, the Illinois Supreme Court held that plaintiffs who are allowed to refile a case after a voluntary nonsuit, would still be allowed 90 days after the refiling to present the required Section 2-622 affidavit of a physician or other medical provider to certify that an Illinois medical negligence complaint has merit.

In Illinois it has been the law that as a prerequisite to filing any Illinois medical malpractice case, the plaintiff's attorney must include with the complaint a certificate of merit asserting that the case has merit from a physician or medical provider expert in the area of medicine being complained about. Sometimes lawyers find that although they believe the facts support a case for medical malpractice, no medical certificate was available in advance of the running of the statute of limitations.

In Illinois the statute of limitations is two years for most tort/negligence cases with some exceptions. What the statute of limitations does is act as a complete bar from bringing the action at all, i.e. the court would dismiss the case unless it is filed within the time limit.

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February 1, 2008

Hudson v. City of Chicago: Illinois Supreme Court Redefines Res Judicata

On January 25, 2008, the Illinois Supreme Court ruled in Hudson v. City of Chicago that the re-filing of a voluntarily dismissed claim may be barred under res judicata when there is a previous involuntary dismissal of a different claim in the case.

Res judicata refers to an issue before the court that has already been decided on by another court for the same parties. In Hudson, res judicata applied because at least one claim had been involuntary dismissed in the prior case. The Court held that res judicata bars

not only every matter that was actually determined in the first suit, but also every matter that might have been raised and determined in that suit.

Oftentimes an attorney voluntary dismisses a claim when one of its other claims were dismissed in order to re-work the remaining claims and then re-file. However, attorneys now have to be careful not to fall under the banner of res judicata and thereby miss out on refiling their claims. And res judicata can even bar refiling when cases are dismissed "without prejudice", i.e. allowing for the refiling of suit against the defendant if the defendant doesn't follow through with the terms of settlement.

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